01 - Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C). Lightly grease a 9x13 inch baking dish.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to boil. Cook penne pasta for 2 minutes less than package directions. Drain and set aside.
03 - Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Sauté onion for 3 to 4 minutes until softened, then add minced garlic and cook for 1 minute.
04 - Add ground beef to skillet, breaking it up with a spoon. Cook for 6 to 8 minutes until fully browned. Drain excess fat if needed.
05 - Stir in tomato paste and cook for 1 minute. Add tomato passata, dried Italian herbs, red pepper flakes, salt, and black pepper, then simmer for 5 minutes.
06 - Add drained pasta to the sauce and beef mixture. Stir thoroughly to coat pasta.
07 - Spread half the pasta mixture in the prepared dish. Sprinkle evenly with half the mozzarella and half the Parmesan. Top with remaining pasta mixture and finish with the rest of the cheeses.
08 - Place dish uncovered in oven and bake 20 to 25 minutes, until cheese is golden and bubbling.
09 - Allow to rest for 5 minutes before serving.